In TNG "The Chase" we discover that single Bird of Prey can destroy entire life on planet via chain reaction, which argues for major powers having planetary shields. Another example of planetary shields is TOS episode "Whom Gods Destroy", where planetary shield protected outpost. Enterprise tried to penetrate it with phasers on weakest part, opposite of ayslum dome, but attempt failed. In TNG, planet Aldea has planetary shield in addition to cloaking device. Some evidence from TNG+ series' also suggests that Federation has planetary shields, but such evidence is subtle. Also, in Voyager episode "Year of Hell" we are informed that planetary shields are relative commonplace, and in "Nightingale" we see shields in operation (picture below).
Planet in question is Kraylor homeworld; it was blockaded for 3 years by Annari
Planet Aldea has planetary cloak, but no Federation equivalents were ever seen or heard about or even implied - actually, planetary cloak is thought by crew of Enterprise D to be extremely advanced, indicating it is beyond reach of Federation technology at that time.
